馬航疑雲：已知和未知

CNN 3/12報導: Missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370: What we know and don't know?

(CNN) -- As the search for a missing Malaysia Airlines jet entered a fifth day Wednesday, investigators remained uncertain about its whereabouts. Here's a summary of what we know and what we don't know about Flight 370, which was carrying 239 people when it disappeared from radar screens over Southeast Asia.
當馬航的搜尋進度第五天，調查員們仍無法確認飛機的所在。以下是我們對當其在東南亞上空從雷達消失時載有239名人員370班機已知和未知的總結。




THE FLIGHT PATH(飛航路線)

What we know: The Boeing 777-200ER took off from Kuala Lumpur, the Malaysian capital, at 12:41 a.m. Saturday (12:41 p.m. Friday ET). It was scheduled to arrive in Beijing at 6:30 a.m. the same day, after a roughly 2,700-mile (4,350-kilometer) journey. But around 1:30 a.m., air traffic controllers in Subang, outside Kuala Lumpur, lost contact with the plane over the sea between Malaysia and Vietnam.
已知：波音777在週六凌晨12:41從馬來西雅首都吉隆坡起飛。預計在2700英里的航程後，預計在同天早上6:30抵達北京。但在1:30左右，蘇丹機場的航空管制處在其位處馬來西亞和越南海上時失去聯繫。

What we don't know: What happened next. The pilots did not indicate any problem to the tower, and no distress signal was issued. Malaysian military officials cite radar data as suggesting the plane might have turned back toward Kuala Lumpur. But the pilots didn't tell air traffic control that they were doing so.
A senior Malaysian air force official said Tuesday that the plane traveled hundreds of miles off course, moving in the opposite direction from its original destination, and had stopped sending identifying transponder codes before it disappeared.
We don't know why the plane would have turned around. While one expert tells CNN the plane's deviation could mean someone deliberately turned the plane around, another expert says power failure could have disrupted the main transponder and its backup, and the plane could have flown for more than an hour. 'We have to find the aircraft'
未知：後來發生了什麼。駕駛員未向塔台指出有任何問題，且無求助信號發出。馬國軍方雷達資料提出飛機可能已經轉向回吉隆坡。但駕駛未告訴航管他們有這樣的行為。一位馬國空軍官員週二說飛機偏離航道幾百哩，飛往和其原本目的地相反的方向，且在其消失前已經停止傳送識別應答碼。我們不知道為何飛機會轉向。不過有一位專家告訴CNN飛機偏離航道可能是某人強迫其轉向; 另一位專家則說動力受損可能損壞了主要和備用的應答機，且飛機可能已經飛了一小時以上。"我們必須找到飛機"

THE PASSENGERS(乘客)

What we know: There were 239 people on board: 227 passengers and 12 crew members. Five of the passengers were younger than 5 years old. Those on board included a number of painters and calligraphers, as well as employees of an American semiconductor company. According to the airline, the passengers' 14 nationalities spanned the Asia-Pacific region, Europe and North America. Passengers from China or Taiwan numbered 154, followed by Malaysians, at 38. There were three U.S. citizens on the plane. Four passengers had valid booking to travel but did not show up for the flight, according to the airline. "As such, the issue of off-loading unaccompanied baggage did not arise," it added Tuesday in a prepared statement.
已知：有239名人員登機：227名旅客和12名機組人員。五名旅客小於五歲。包含數名畫家和書法家和美國半導體業員工。根據航空公司，旅客的14個國籍遍及亞太區，歐洲和北美。154名旅客來自中國和台灣，接著是38名來自馬國。有三位美國公民在機上。四位旅客有登記但未登機。"即使如此，卻沒有人要求卸下非隨身行李"

What we don't know: Whether any of the passengers had anything to do with the plane's disappearance.
未知：是否有任何任何旅客和飛機的失蹤有任何關聯

THE PASSPORT MYSTERY (護照疑雲)

What we know: Two passengers boarded the plane using stolen passports. Authorities have identified them as Pouri Nourmohammadi, 18, and Delavar Seyed Mohammad Reza, 29, both Iranians. Malaysian police believe Nourmohammadi was trying to emigrate to Germany using the stolen Austrian passport. The men entered Malaysia on February 28 using valid Iranian passports, according to Interpol.
The use of the stolen passports had raised concern that the people who used them might be involved in the plane's disappearance. But officials have said they think it is unlikely the Iranian men had links to terrorist groups. Malaysian police said Nourmohammadi's mother contacted them after her son didn't arrive in Frankfurt as expected.
"The more information we get, the more we're inclined to conclude that it was not a terrorist incident," Ronald Noble, the secretary general of the international police organization Interpol, said Tuesday.
已知：兩名旅客是以失竊護照登機。政府已經辨識出他們分別是18歲的Pouri Nourmohammadi和29歲的Delavar Seyed Mohammad Reza，都是伊朗人。馬國警方相信Nourmohammadi是試圖使用偷來的奧國護照移入德國。根據國際刑警，兩人在2/28進入馬國是持合法的伊朗護照。失竊護照的使用讓人懷疑使用他們的人可能參與飛機消失事件。但官方已經表示他們認為這兩位伊朗人不太可能跟恐怖組織有關聯。馬國警方表示Nourmohammadi的媽媽在他未如預期到達法蘭克福後已聯絡他們。"得到越多資料，我們越傾向這不是恐怖事件"，國際刑警秘書長Noble週二表示。

What we don't know: More details about the two men, particularly Reza. Would-be immigrants have used fake passports to try to enter Western countries in the past.
未知：兩人的更詳盡資料，尤其是Reza。過去的話可能是移民者使用假護照試圖進入西方國家。

THE SECURITY SCREENING(安全檢查)

What we know: Interpol says the passports were listed as stolen in its database. But they had not been checked from the time they were entered into the database and the time the plane departed. Noble said it was "clearly of great concern" that passengers had been able to board an international flight using passports listed as stolen in the agency's database.
已知：國際刑警表示這些護照已經在資料庫中列名失竊。但他們在輸入資料庫和飛機離開時並未被檢出。Noble說旅客可以持已被登記失竊的護照登上國際航班"明顯很有問題"

What we don't know: Whether the passports had been used to travel previously. Interpol says it's "unable to determine on how many other occasions these passports were used to board flights or cross borders." Malaysian authorities are investigating the security process at the airport in Kuala Lumpur, but insisted it meets international standards. How does a jet go missing?
未知：這些護照是否之前被使用來旅行過。國際刑警表示"無法確知這些護照之前被用來登機或是穿越國界幾次"。馬國政府正在調查吉隆坡的機場的安全流程，但堅持它符合國際標準。那怎麼會有架飛機走失了？

THE CREW(機組人員)

What we know: The crew members are Malaysian. The pilot is Capt. Zaharie Ahmad Shah, a 53-year-old veteran with 18,365 flying hours who joined Malaysia Airlines in 1981. The first officer, Fariq Ab Hamid, has 2,763 flying hours. Fariq, 27, started at the airline in 2007. He had been flying another jet and was transitioning to the Boeing 777-200 after having completed training in a flight simulator.
已知：機組人員是馬國人。駕駛為Zaharie Ahmad Shah，53歲的老手，18365飛行時數，在1981年加入馬航。副手Fariq Ab Hamid有2763飛行時數。Fariq 27歲，2007年加入馬航。他之前在飛其他飛機且在完成飛行模擬訓練後轉換至波音777。

What we don't know: What went on in the cockpit around the time the plane lost contact with air traffic controllers. The passenger jet was in what is considered the safest part of a flight, the cruise portion, when it disappeared. The weather conditions were reported to be good. Aviation experts say it's particularly puzzling that the pilots didn't report any kind of problems before contact was lost.
未知：當飛機和飛航管制處失去聯繫期間，駕駛艙內發生了什麼。客機在其失蹤當下，是認為在飛行中最安全的部分。天氣狀況良好。飛航專家認為駕駛在失蹤前未回報任何問題是特別耐人尋味的。

THE SEARCH(搜索)

What we know: Dozens of ships and planes from various countries have been scouring the South China Sea near where the plane was last detected. Debris in the area has turned out to be unrelated to the plane. "We have not found anything that appear to be objects from the aircraft, let alone the aircraft," Azharuddin Abdul Rahman, director general of the Malaysian Civil Aviation Department, said Monday. Similarly, a slick in the area was determined to be from fuel oil typically used in cargo ships, not from the plane.
已知：數十艘來自各國的船艦和飛機已經遍尋飛機最後偵測到的南中國海。此區的殘骸最終證實和飛機無關。"我們為尋獲任何飛機的物件，更不用說是飛機了"，馬國民航部處長Azharuddin Abdul Rahman週一說。同樣的此區的油污確認是一般運輸船使用的油，而非飛機。

What we don't know: Whether the search is concentrating on the right place. Authorities initially focused their efforts around the mouth of the Gulf of Thailand, near the plane's last known position. But they have expanded efforts westward, off the other coast of the Malay Peninsula, and northward into the Andaman Sea, part of the Indian Ocean.
未知：是否找對了地方。政府一開始專注在泰國灣口，接近飛機最後知道的位置。但他們已經往西擴展，往馬來半島的另一邊，和北進入安達曼海，一部分印度洋。

THE CAUSE(原因)
What we know: Nothing. "For the aircraft to go missing just like that ... as far as we are concerned, we are equally puzzled as well," Azharuddin said Monday. The aircraft model in question, the Boeing 777-200ER, has an excellent safety record.
已知：無。"對一台這樣失蹤的飛機，以我們的觀點來講，也是同樣困惑"，Azharuddin週一說。波音777機型有極佳的安全記錄。

What we don't know: Until searchers find the plane and its voice and data recorders, it may be difficult to figure out what happened. CNN national security analyst Peter Bergen says the range of possible reasons behind the disappearance can be divided into three categories: mechanical failure, pilot actions and terrorism. But all we have are theories.
未知：直到找到飛機和其聲音和資料記錄，很難了解發生了什麼。CNN國家安全分析師Peter Bergen說失蹤的可能原因可分為三類：機械故障，駕駛人為疏失和恐怖攻擊。但我們目前僅有理論而已。

THE PRECEDENT(前例)
What we know: It's rare, but not unprecedented, for a commercial airliner to disappear in midflight. In June 2009, Air France Flight 447 was en route from Rio de Janeiro to Paris when communications ended suddenly from the Airbus A330, another state-of-the-art aircraft, with 228 people on board. It took five days to locate the first piece of debris from that plane -- and nearly two years to find the bulk of Flight 447's wreckage and most of the bodies in a mountain range deep in the Atlantic Ocean. It took even longer to establish the cause of the disaster.
已知：商業班機在飛行途中消失很少見，但非史無前例。2009年六月，法航447班機從巴西往巴黎，當時滿載228名人員的另一台先進飛機，空中巴士A330，突然失聯。花了五天才找到第一塊飛機碎片 -- 而將近兩年才找到飛機殘骸，分佈在一座山範圍的大西洋底。更花多了許久才還原災難的原因。

What we don't know: Whether what happened to the missing Malaysia Airlines plane is similar to what happened to the Air France flight. Investigators attributed the Flight 447 crash to a series of errors by the pilots and their failure to react effectively to technical problems.
未知：馬航事件是否和法航事件相似。調查員將447班機墜毀歸因一連串的駕駛人為疏失和其未有效的處理技術問題。